vice versa
/'vais'və:sə/
Học thuậtThân thiện
Definition
Adverb: with the main items in the preceding statement being exchanged; conversely. It indicates that the opposite of a situation just described is also true.
Usage
"Vice versa" is used to say that what has just been stated is also true when the terms are reversed. It avoids repeating a full clause. It typically follows "and" or "or" to connect two phrases.
Examples
- The teacher learned from her students, and vice versa. (This means the students also learned from the teacher.)
- I can translate French into English and vice versa. (This means I can also translate English into French.)
- He doesn't trust her, and vice versa. (This means she also does not trust him.)
Advanced Usage
- In formal logic or argumentation: Used to succinctly express a reciprocal or symmetric relationship.
- If Proposition A implies Proposition B, but not vice versa, then A is a stronger condition.
- With "or" to indicate alternatives: Specifies that the reverse order is also an acceptable option.
- You can pay me now, or vice versa—I can pay you later.
Variants and Related Words
- Conversely (adverb): Introduces a statement that reverses one just made. (e.g., ) Note: "Conversely" often starts a new sentence, while "vice versa" typically continues one.
- Mutatis mutandis (adverb, Latin): A more formal term meaning "the necessary changes having been made." It is used when comparing situations, indicating that a statement applies with the appropriate minor adjustments.
Synonyms
- The other way around
- Contrariwise
- In reverse
Notes on Meaning
The phrase functions as a single adverbial unit. Its core meaning is always about reversing the order or relationship between two previously mentioned elements. It does not introduce new information but efficiently restates the prior information in the inverted form.
Adverb
- with the order reversed
- she hates him and vice versa